자료형 정리(문자열)-all

☆하늘을 보쟈☆ | 먜
http://blog.naver.com/ratmsma/40023135126

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LPSTR : char *

LPCSTR : const char *

LPCTSTR : const char * 또는 const WCHAR *

WORD : 보통 2바이트의 부호없는 정수형   (*.word형을 string형으로 바꾸기 string := IntToStr(word); )

DWORD : 4바이트의 부호없는 정수형    DWORD unsigned long

그럼, WORD와, int의 차이점은...

WORD는 4글자 int는 3글자
typedef unsigned short         WORD;    //WORD는 예약어가 아니죠  (typedef는 변수부분)

                                                                                               (cf.define은 전처리 부분)

*.단순참고

char, unsigned char, signed char : 1 byte
short, unsigned short : 2 bytes
int, unsigned int : 4 bytes
long, unsigned long : 4 bytes
float : 4 bytes
double : 8 bytes
long double : 10 bytes

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1. C 자료형
   char(1), short(2), int(4), long(4), float(4), double(8), bool
   문자: char

 
2. Win32 API 자료형
   BYTE(1, unsigned char), WORD(2, unsigned short), UINT(4, unsigned int)
   DWORD(4, unsigned long), LONG(4,long), BOOL
   문자: UCHAR(unsigned char)
   Handle: 대상을 구분하는 4바이트 정수(HWND,HDC...)
 
   MBCS문자(열)  유니코드문자(열)  자동매크로문자(열)
   ------------         -----------------        ------------------
   char   wchar_t    TCHAR
   LPSTR(char*)         LPWSTR(wchar_t*)         LPTSTR
   LPCSTR(const char*)  LPCWSTR(const wchar_t *) LPCTSTR
 
   .LPTSTR과 LPCTSTR를 사용하는 것이 좋음.
   .OLECHAR(wchar_t), LPOLESTR(LPWSTR), LPCOLESTR(LPCWSTR), OLESTR(x) = _T(x)

3. COM 스트링
   BSTR : 문자열 길이를 시작전에 저장하고, 이어서 유티코드문자열을 저장하는 방식
   LPCWSTR -> BSTR : 생성안됨. 생성함수를 이용해야 함.
                     BSTR bstr = sysAllocString(L"HELLO HI"); // 메모리 할당
                                 sysFreeString(bstr);         // 메모리 제거

   VARIANT: 문자열이 들어올때 BSTR과 동일

VARIANT 자료형은 각 개발 환경의 자료형의 차이를 해결하기위하여 제공되는 공용체 이다.

예제) INT nIndex 와 CString strItem이 있다고 가정하고...

// VARIANT 형 선언

VARIANT varIndex, varItem;

// VARIANT type 지정
varIndex.vt = VT_INT;
varItem.vt = VT_BSTR;

// VARIANT 값 할당.
varIndex.intVal = nIndex;
varItem.bstrVal = strItem.AllocSysString();// CString을 bstr로 변환하는 함수

// VARIANT 인자를 사용하여 함수 호출

 

4. CRT(c runtime library)지원 스트링 클래스 (#include "comdef.h")
   4-1. _bstr_t
        :BSTR 랩퍼 클래스, 메모리 할당/제거를 자동으로 수행
     
        . LPCSTR, LPCWSTR  -> _bstr_t
          :_bstr bstr = "hello hi";
        . _bstr_t -> LPCSTR, LPCWSTR
          : LPCSTR psz1 = (LPCSTR)bs1;
        . _bstr_t -> BSTR
          : 형변환 안됨. 함수이용
            BSTR bstr = bs1.copy();
            sysFreeString(bstr); // BSTR은 사용후 메모리 해제를 해야함.

   4-2. _variant_t
        :VARIANT 랩퍼 클래스, 메모리 할당/제거 자동 수행
       
        . LPCSTR, LPCWSTR -> _variant_t
          : _variant_t v1 = "hello hi";
        . _variant_t -> _bstr_t -> LPCSTR,LPCWSTR
          : LPCSTR psz1 = (LPCSTR)(_bstr_t)v1;

5. ATL 지원 스트링클래스
   5-1 CComBSTR : BSTR랩퍼클래스, 메모리할당/제거 자동 수행
      . LPCSTR, LPCWSTR -> CComBSTR
        CComBSTR bs1 = "hello hi";
      . CComBSTR -> BSTR -> LPCWSTR
        BSTR bs = (BSTR)bs1;
      . BSTR -> CComBSTR
        CComBSTR bs2; bs2.Attach(W2BSTR(L"hello hi");

   5-2 CComVariant: VARIANT랩퍼클래스, 메모리할당/제거 자동 수행
      . LPCSTR, LPCWSTR -> CComVariant
        CComVariant bs1 = "hello hi";
      . CComVariant -> CComBSTR -> BSTR -> LPCWSTR
        CComBSTR bs = bs1.bstrVal;

6. STL 스트링
   6-1 string
       . LPCSTR -> string
         string str = "hello hi";
       . string -> LPCSTR (형변환 안됨. 함수 이용)
         LPCSTR psz = str.c_str();
   6-2 wstring
       . LPCWSTR -> wstring
         wstring str = "hello hi";
       . wstring -> LPCWSTR
         LPCWSTR psz = str.c_str();

7. MFC 스트링
   . LPCSTR, LPCWSTR -> CString
     CString str = "hello hi";
   . CString -> LPCTSTR
     1. LPCTSTR lpsz = (LPCTSTR)str;
     2. LPTSTR lptsz = str.getBuffer(0), str.ReleaseBuffer(); (올바른 사용)
     3. LPTSTR lptsz = (LPTSTR)(LPCTSTR)str; (잘못된 표현)
     4. CString -> BSTR
        BSTR bstr = str.AllocSysString(); sysFreeString(bstr);

8. VC7 스트링
   String: .Net에서 새로 정의한 스트링 클래스
          String* s1 = S"hello hi";
          CString s2(s1);
   

9. ETC

   1. BSTR --> LPCSTR
      USES_CONVERSION;
      LPCSTR lpaszTemp = OLE2CA(bstrValue);

   2. LPCSTR --> BSTR
      USES_CONVERSION;
      BSTR bstrTemp = ::SysAllocString(A2COLE(lpaszValue));

   3. CString --> LPCSTR
      1) ANSI 버전
          LPCSTR lpaszTemp = (LPCSTR) strValue;
      2) UNICODE 버전
          USES_CONVERSION;
          LPCSTR lpaszTemp = T2CA((LPCTSTR) strValue);

   4. LPCSTR --> CString
      1) ANSI 버전
         CString strTemp = lpaszValue;
      2) UNICODE 버전
          USES_CONVERSION;
          CString strTemp = A2CT(lpaszValue);

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Windows Data Types

The data types supported by Microsoft® Windows® are used to define function return values, function and message parameters, and structure members. They define the size and meaning of these elements.

The following table contains the following types: character, integer, Boolean, pointer, and handle. The character, integer, and Boolean types are common to most C compilers. Most of the pointer-type names begin with a prefix ofPorLP. Handles refer to a resource that has been loaded into memory. For more information about handling 64-bit integers, seeLarge Integers.

Data Types

Value	Meaning
ATOM	Atom. For more information, seeAtoms.
BOOL	Boolean variable (should be TRUE or FALSE).
BOOLEAN	Boolean variable (should be TRUE or FALSE).
BYTE	Byte (8 bits).
CALLBACK	Calling convention for callback functions.
CHAR	8-bit Windows (ANSI) character. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
COLORREF	Red, green, blue (RGB) color value (32 bits). SeeCOLORREFfor information on this type.
CONST	Variable whose value is to remain constant during execution.
CRITICAL_SECTION	Critical-section object. For more information, seeCritical Section Objects.
DWORD	32-bit unsigned integer.
DWORD_PTR	Unsigned long type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to a long type to perform pointer arithmetic. (Also commonly used for general 32-bit parameters that have been extended to 64 bits in 64-bit Windows. )
DWORD32	32-bit unsigned integer.
DWORD64	64-bit unsigned integer.
FLOAT	Floating-point variable.
HACCEL	Handle to anaccelerator table.
HANDLE	Handle to an object.
HBITMAP	Handle to abitmap.
HBRUSH	Handle to abrush.
HCONV	Handle to a dynamic data exchange (DDE) conversation.
HCONVLIST	Handle to a DDE conversation list.
HCURSOR	Handle to acursor.
HDC	Handle to adevice context(DC).
HDDEDATA	Handle to DDE data.
HDESK	Handle to adesktop.
HDROP	Handle to an internal drop structure.
HDWP	Handle to a deferred window position structure.
HENHMETAFILE	Handle to anenhanced metafile.
HFILE	Handle to a file opened byOpenFile, notCreateFile.
HFONT	Handle to afont.
HGDIOBJ	Handle to a GDI object.
HGLOBAL	Handle to a global memory block.
HHOOK	Handle to ahook.
HICON	Handle to anicon.
HIMAGELIST	Handle to an image list.
HIMC	Handle to input context.
HINSTANCE	Handle to an instance.
HKEY	Handle to a registry key.
HKL	Input locale identifier.
HLOCAL	Handle to a local memory block.
HMENU	Handle to amenu.
HMETAFILE	Handle to ametafile.
HMODULE	Handle to a module. The value is the base address of the module.
HMONITOR	Handle to a display monitor.
HPALETTE	Handle to apalette.
HPEN	Handle to apen.
HRGN	Handle to aregion.
HRSRC	Handle to a resource.
HSZ	Handle to a DDE string.
HWINSTA	Handle to awindow station.
HWND	Handle to awindow.
INT	32-bit signed integer.
INT_PTR	Signed integral type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to an integer to perform pointer arithmetic.
INT32	32-bit signed integer.
INT64	64-bit signed integer.
LANGID	Language identifier. For more information, seeLocales.
LCID	Locale identifier. For more information, seeLocales.
LCTYPE	Locale information type. For a list, seeLocale and Language Information.
LONG	32-bit signed integer.
LONG_PTR	Signed long type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to a long to perform pointer arithmetic.
LONG32	32-bit signed integer.
LONG64	64-bit signed integer.
LONGLONG	64-bit signed integer.
LPARAM	Message parameter.
LPBOOL	Pointer to aBOOL.
LPBYTE	Pointer to aBYTE.
LPCOLORREF	Pointer to aCOLORREFvalue.
LPCRITICAL_SECTION	Pointer to aCRITICAL_SECTION.
LPCSTR	Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
LPCTSTR	AnLPCWSTRifUNICODEis defined, anLPCTSTRotherwise.
LPCVOID	Pointer to a constant of any type.
LPCWSTR	Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
LPDWORD	Pointer to aDWORD.
LPHANDLE	Pointer to aHANDLE.
LPINT	Pointer to anINT.
LPLONG	Pointer to aLONG.
LPSTR	Pointer to a null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
LPTSTR	AnLPWSTRifUNICODEis defined, anLPSTRotherwise.
LPVOID	Pointer to any type.
LPWORD	Pointer to aWORD.
LPWSTR	Pointer to a null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
LRESULT	Signed result of message processing.
LUID	Locally unique identifier.
PBOOL	Pointer to aBOOL.
PBOOLEAN	Pointer to aBOOL.
PBYTE	Pointer to aBYTE.
PCHAR	Pointer to aCHAR.
PCRITICAL_SECTION	Pointer to aCRITICAL_SECTION.
PCSTR	Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
PCTSTR	APCWSTRifUNICODEis defined, aPCSTRotherwise.
PCWCH	Pointer to a constantWCHAR.
PCWSTR	Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
PDWORD	Pointer to aDWORD.
PFLOAT	Pointer to aFLOAT.
PHANDLE	Pointer to aHANDLE.
PHKEY	Pointer to anHKEY.
PINT	Pointer to anINT.
PLCID	Pointer to anLCID.
PLONG	Pointer to aLONG.
PLUID	Pointer to aLUID.
POINTER_32	32-bit pointer. On a 32-bit system, this is a native pointer. On a 64-bit system, this is a truncated 64-bit pointer.
POINTER_64	64-bit pointer. On a 64-bit system, this is a native pointer. On a 32-bit system, this is a sign-extended 32-bit pointer.
PSHORT	Pointer to aSHORT.
PSTR	Pointer to a null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
PTBYTE	Pointer to aTBYTE.
PTCHAR	Pointer to aTCHAR.
PTSTR	PWSTRifUNICODEis defined, aPSTRotherwise.
PTBYTE	Pointer to aTBYTE.
PTCHAR	Pointer to aTCHAR.
PTSTR	APWSTRifUNICODEis defined, aPSTRotherwise.
PUCHAR	Pointer to aUCHAR.
PUINT	Pointer to aUINT.
PULONG	Pointer to aULONG.
PUSHORT	Pointer to aUSHORT.
PVOID	Pointer to any type.
PWCHAR	Pointer to aWCHAR.
PWORD	Pointer to aWORD.
PWSTR	Pointer to a null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
REGSAM	Security access mask for registry key.
SC_HANDLE	Handle to a service control manager database. For more information, seeSCM Handles.
SC_LOCK	Handle to a service control manager database lock. For more information, seeSCM Handles.
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE	Handle to a service status value. For more information, seeSCM Handles.
SHORT	Short integer (16 bits).
SIZE_T	The maximum number of bytes to which a pointer can point. Use for a count that must span the full range of a pointer.
SSIZE_ T	SignedSIZE_T.
TBYTE	AWCHARifUNICODEis defined, aCHARotherwise.
TCHAR	AWCHARifUNICODEis defined, aCHARotherwise.
UCHAR	UnsignedCHAR.
UINT	UnsignedINT.
UINT_PTR	UnsignedINT_PTR.
UINT32	UnsignedINT32.
UINT64	UnsignedINT64.
ULONG	UnsignedLONG.
ULONG_PTR	UnsignedLONG_PTR.
ULONG32	UnsignedLONG32.
ULONG64	UnsignedLONG64.
ULONGLONG	64-bit unsigned integer.
UNSIGNED	Unsigned attribute.
USHORT	UnsignedSHORT.
VOID	Any type.
WCHAR	16-bit Unicode character. For more information, seeCharacter Sets Used By Fonts.
WINAPI	Calling convention for system functions.
WORD	16-bit unsigned integer.
WPARAM	Message parameter.

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Platform SDK Release:February 2003

*.

기존 데이터형으로 조합이 가능한 형을 새로운 데이터형으로 선언하여 사용하는 이유는 단순히 편하게 사용하자는 의도만 있는 것은 아니다. 윈도우즈가 항상 IBM 컴퓨터에서만 실행되라는 법은 없으며 언젠가는 다른 시스템으로 이식될 가능성도 있을 수 있는데 그럴 경우 소스 차원의 호환성을 확보하기 위해 이런 데이터형을 사용한다. 알기 쉽게 예를 든다면 WORD형이 현재는 2바이트의 부호없는 정수형이지만 팬티엄 이후 686이나 786쯤에는 4바이트로 확장될지도 모른다. 설사 그렇더라도 소스는 수정할 필요없이 헤더 파일에서 WORD형의 형 정의만 바꾸어 주고 소스를 다시 컴파일하면 호환성에 문제가 없다.